Submissions

Author Guidelines

Author Guidelines
Manuscript Submission

Submission of an article to Global Synthesis in Education Journal implies that it has not been previously published and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. Furthermore, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere. Manuscripts of all categories are to be submitted online through the journal's website

https://gse-journal.net/index.php/gse/submission along with a letter of transmittal containing the names and complete addresses (including telephone numbers, e-mail id, etc.) of all authors and the title of the contribution.

Alternatively, authors can send their article directly to the Editor-in-Chief via e-mail: editor@gse-journal.net.

Global Synthesis in Education Journal is a multidisciplinary academic journal that prioritizes research and review papers of general significance that are written clearly and well-organized. All papers, solicited and unsolicited, will be assessed by a Reviewing Editor. Papers that do not meet the overall requirements of the journal will be returned to the authors. The remaining papers will be sent for detailed review, and the authors will be notified of acceptance, need for revision, or rejection. It should be noted that papers once rejected cannot be resubmitted. Manuscripts are selected for publication according to the editorial assessment of their suitability and evaluation from independent reviewers. Papers are usually sent to two or more reviewers, and the editorial staff will edit accepted papers to improve accuracy, clarity, and length, if necessary.

Authors are responsible for properly crediting illustrations and other materials to be reproduced from other publications. They must obtain permission for reproduction of figures, tables, etc., from published sources, and send copies of letters of permission to the editor.

Declarations to be made regarding ethical issues

For manuscripts that involve clinical findings, a statement on informed consent of the patients under study should be included.

If the study involves humans and animals as subjects, it is crucial that it has been conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the country/countries where the research described in the article was carried out. A declaration confirming compliance with ethical standards must be submitted along with the manuscript.

Supplementary material

Supplementary tables with detailed data can be submitted and will be published online. However, for tables with extensive data that are not submitted as supplementary material, the decision to use them as supplementary material will be at the discretion of the journal. The authors will be notified of this during the processing of their manuscripts.

If authors have any questions or concerns regarding supplementary material, they should contact the corresponding author of the paper. Reproduction of published material is prohibited without permission from the author.

Conflict of Interest Statement

Authors are required to acknowledge any organizations that have provided financial support for their work. In addition, any other conflicts of interest must be disclosed when submitting manuscripts.

Categories of Manuscripts

The journal accepts various types of articles, each with specific guidelines for word count, display items, and content. General articles, review articles, research accounts, research articles, research communications, scientific correspondence items, news articles, meeting reports, research news articles, opinion articles, commentary articles, book reviews, and historical commentaries/notes are all welcome.

General articles should not exceed 4000 words and should discuss current trends in research that would be of interest to readers outside the field. Review articles should not exceed 6000 words and should focus on current developments in a field. Research accounts should not exceed 6000 words and are personalized reviews of research from the author(s)’ laboratory. Research articles range from 3000 to 5000 words and report research results of major significance. Research communications are 2000 words and contain important new findings that are novel and of fairly broad interest. Scientific correspondence items are less than 1500 words and serve to rapidly communicate important new findings. News articles should not exceed 1000 words and can cover important scientific events or any other news of interest to scientists in general. Meeting reports are less than 1500 words and summarize highlights/technical contents of a conference/symposium/discussion-meeting, etc. conveying the significance of important advances to readers. Research news articles are not exceeding 2000 words and inform non-specialists about recently published advances or important findings. Opinion articles are less than 1200 words and present views on issues related to science and scientific activity. Commentary articles are less than 2000 words and are expository essays on issues related to science and scientific activity. Book reviews should not exceed 1500 words and provide a thoughtful analysis of the contents of a book. Historical commentaries/notes are limited to about 3000 words and inform readers about interesting aspects of personalities or institutions of science or about watershed events in the history/development of science.

All articles should include an abstract, an introductory paragraph, and brief subheads as appropriate. Illustrations and photographs are welcome, and references should be cited according to the specific guidelines for each article type.

All papers are to be written in English. Articles should be prepared strictly according to the template; please check the link

template.doc

Each article should have no more than 6 authors.

Structure of the Article

When writing the paper, the recommended logical sequence is to first briefly introduce the idea, then describe the methods for achieving the goal and the planned results, and then proceed to the detailed presentation. When reviewing the literature, it is important to provide an analysis of the sources rather than simply listing them. This involves explaining with specific examples what has already been done by other scholars, what tasks lie ahead, and in which direction the study aims to move. This approach will help introduce the reader to the research background and explain the place of the study in the field.

The manuscript should be structured as follows: 

1. Title
2. Author(s)
3. Affiliation(s) (institutions), city, country, e-mails of authors (preferably institutional)
4. Abstract 
5. Keywords 
6. Introduction
7. Research Aim
8. Literature Review
9. Research Methods
10. Results
11. Discussion
12. Conclusions and Suggestions for Practical Use
13. Acknowledgements (can be added if necessary)
14. References 

All pages, including the title page, text, and reference list, should be numbered consecutively.

The title of the paper should be concise, descriptive, specific, and easy to index. It should not exceed 15 words, with each word starting with a capital letter, and be centered and typeset in bold, Times New Roman (TNR) 14pt, with single line spacing.

Abstract: To ensure effective indexing, the paper's title must be brief, specific, and descriptive. It should not exceed 15 words, with each word beginning with a capital letter. The title should be centered, bolded, and typeset in Times New Roman (TNR) 14pt font, with single-line spacing.

The abstract should clearly state the problem or object of the study, the method used (including any technical means such as instrumentation), the results obtained, and the conclusions drawn. It is important to note the difference between results and conclusions. Results refer to a specific outcome obtained from a particular instance, while conclusions describe a general case that can be generalized from the specific instance. When writing an abstract, avoid using general and empty statements and instead use specific language to explain the research methods, processes, results, and conclusions. This will help the reader to gain a clear and comprehensive understanding of the author's research work. Do not repeat the information already stated in the title. Instead, accurately reflect the research work done and provide as much quantification as possible.

The editors recommend the authors to adhere to the following abstract template:

To effectively summarize the article, the authors may use the following abstract template: 

"The article presents a novel method/idea (etc.) that is based on (briefly describe the basis) and enables (state the benefits or goals). The proposed method was implemented through (describe the methods used) and the authors were able to achieve (describe the obtained results). An example of the proposed method/technique is illustrated (provide a specific example). Our method/proposal has the potential to enhance (quantitative indicators by XX, X%). The effectiveness of the new method was evaluated using (describe the evaluation methods), and the results confirmed its validity. The new research results contribute to the development/supplementation/improvement of (state the field of application) and can be utilized for (describe potential uses)."

Keywords: Not more than five keywords should be indicated separately; these should be chosen carefully and must not be phrases of several words. Typeset your keywords in TNR 10 pt, alignment: justify; line spacing: single. These keywords will be used for indexing.

The abstract and keywords should be presented in the English and Chinese languages, and their contents in English and Chinese should be consistent.

The main text: Typeset the main text TNR 11 pt in 2 columns with an interval between columns of 1 cm, alignment: justify, indentation: 5 mm, line spacing: single.

The introduction of a research paper should be brief, typically comprising 1.5-2 pages and should not be numbered. Its purpose is to provide readers with a comprehensive understanding of the research. The introduction should be clear, concise, and intelligible to readers from different disciplines. Technical terms should be defined, and relevant background information on the topic should be included along with in-text citations. It should report new developments in the field and explain how the study fills gaps in existing research. The introduction should focus on the specific problem being addressed, its possible solutions, and outline the limitations of the study.

The introduction should include the following: (1) The rationale, purpose, and background of the research, including the research question, object, and basic characteristics. The work done by predecessors on this issue and its deficiencies should also be discussed. The problems expected to be solved, the role and significance of the solution, and the background of the research work should be explained. (2) The theoretical basis, experimental basis, and research methods should be briefly mentioned. If a new concept or term is to be introduced, it should be defined or clarified. (3) The expected results, their status, role, and significance should be described in a natural, concise, and precise manner. Diagrams, tables, and formulas are generally not included in the introduction. A research question, hypothesis, and/or objectives can be included at the end of this section.

FORMATTING TIPS:

• Organize your information from broad to narrow (general to particular). However, do not start too broad; keep the information relevant.

• You can use in-the-text citations in this section to situate your research within the body of literature. These citations should be numbered sequentially in the order they appear in the text [1], [2], etc., and are organized accordingly in the References section.

 

Methods/Materials: This is the part of your paper that explains how the research was done in no more than 2-3 pages. You should relate your research procedures in a clear, logical order so that other researchers can reproduce your results. Simply refer to the established methods you used, but describe any procedures that are original to your study in more detail.

FORMATTING TIPS:

• Identify the specific instruments you used in your research by including the manufacturer’s name and location in parentheses.

• Stay consistent with the order in which information is presented (e.g., quantity, temperature, stirring speed, refrigeration period).

 

Results: Now that you have explained how you gathered your research, you are to report what you actually found. In this section, taking no more than 6-8 pages, outline the main findings of your research. You need not include too many details, particularly if you are using tables and figures. While writing this section use the smallest number of words necessary to convey your statistics.

FORMATTING TIPS:

• Use appendices or supplementary materials if you have too much data.

• Use headings to help the reader follow along, particularly if your data are repetitive. Headings should be of four-level type. See Template for heading typesetting instructions (http://jonuns.com/docs/template.doc).

 

Discussion: In this section, taking no more than 4-6 pages, you should interpret your findings for the reader in relation to previous research and the literature as a whole. Present your general conclusions, including an assessment of the strengths and weaknesses of the research and the implications of your findings. Resolve the hypothesis and/or research question you identified in the introduction.

Remember, you must be prepared to justify your findings and conclusions, and one of the best ways to do this is through factual accuracy and the acknowledgment of opposing interpretations, data, and/or points of view.

FORMATTING TIPS:

• Use in-text citations to support your discussion.

• Do not repeat the information you presented in the results or the introduction unless it is necessary for a discussion of the overall implications of the research.

The conclusion: The conclusion of a research paper provides an overall summary of the entire study. The conclusions should be presented in a structured manner, either as a numbered list or as paragraphs. It should accurately and concisely highlight the principles and their universality revealed by the investigation or experiments on the research subjects. Any exceptions found in the research or problems that are difficult to explain and solve in this paper should also be addressed. The similarities and differences between this research and others, including the authors' previous work, should be discussed. The theoretical and practical significance and value of the paper should be emphasized, along with suggestions for further research on the topic.

It is important to explain how your research fits within your field of study and identify areas for future research. Proper formatting of the research paper is crucial for increasing the chances of publication and making an impact in the field. Paying attention to details is important as they form the backbone of scientific writing and research.

FORMATTING TIPS:

• Keep this section short.

 

Acknowledgments: Write this paragraph as brief as possible giving credit to any institution responsible for funding the study (e.g., through a fellowship or grant) and any person (e.g., technical advisors or editors).

References: Here you list citation information for each source you used. The list of references should be arranged in the order in which the sources are presented in the paper (numbered citations). References should be taken over the past five years. The recommended minimum number of references should not be less than eight, and documents that are not officially published cannot be included. Before submitting the manuscript, please check each citation in the text against the References and vice-versa to ensure that they match exactly. It is important to format the references properly because all references will be linked electronically as completely as possible to the papers cited.

References should be formatted as follows:

All author names are written in the order of the first name and the last name. Chinese names cannot be abbreviated, Western names can be abbreviated, and abbreviations are omitted. Many authors only list the top three, followed by "et al." Where appropriate, it is recommended to give priority to the relevant papers in this journal as a reference. For references other than English, such as Chinese, German, Japanese, Russian, etc., please provide the corresponding English translation.

The format of the recording is as follows:

[1] Author. Title [J]. Title, publication year, volume number (period number): starting page number. [Journal]

Example: [1] LIU Hong-bo, XU Zhong-yu, ZHANG Hong-bo, et al. The action promoting graphitization for boron during the high temperature heat treatment of PAN-based carbon fiber[J]. Journal of Hunan University: Natural Sciences, 1999,26(6):33-42.(In Chinese).

[2] Author. Title [M]. Edition (not written in the first edition). Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of publication: starting page number. [Books]

Example: [2] SHEN Pu-sheng. Design and construction of high-rise buildings with outriggers and staggered floors [M]. Beijing: China Machine Press, 2009:105-108

[3] Author. Title [C]//editor. Proceedings name. Place of publication: Publisher, publication year: start and end page number. [Conference proceedings (thesis collection, paper compilation, etc.))]

Example: [3] SINANOGLU O, ORAILOGLU A. Scan power minimization through stimulus and response transformations [C]// Proceedings of the Conference on Design, Automation and Test in Europe. Washington D C: IEEE Computer Society, 2004:404-409.

[4] Author. Thesis title [D]. Degree-granting unit, year: starting and ending page number.[Thesis]

Example: [4] XIAO Bao-yi. Study on aerodynamic noise of road vehicle with high speed [D] .Changsha: College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, 2007:10-16. (In Chinese)

[5] Author. Title [R]. Location of the unit: unit, publication year: start and end page number. [Technical Report]

Example: [5] ANDESSON A C. Verification of calculation methods for moisture transport in porous building materials [R]. Stockholm: Swedish Council for Building Research, 1985.

[6] Standard number, standard name [S]. Place of publication: publisher, publication year: start and end page number.

Example: [6] GB/T 50081—2002 Standard Test Method for Mechanical Properties of Ordinary Concrete [S]. Beijing: China Building Industry Press，2003：12-14.

GB/T 50081—2002 Standard test method for plain concrete mechanical properties[S]. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2003:12-14. (In Chinese)

[7] Patent owner. Patent title [P]. Patent country: patent number, publication date.

Example: [6] JIANG Xizhou. Preparation of a warm external application drug [P]. China Electric Patent: 881056073,1989-07-26.

[8] Author. Title [electronic literature / carrier type identification]. Source or available address of electronic literature, published or updated date / reference date.

Example: [8] WANG Mingliang. Progress on the Standardization Database System Engineering of Chinese Academic Journals[EB/OL].http://www.eajcd.edu.cn/pub/wml.txt/980810-2.html, 1998-08-16/1998-10-04.

FORMATTING TIPS:

• While doing your final proofread, ensure that the reference list entries are consistent with the in-text citations (i.e., no missing or conflicting information).

• At least 70% of sources in References should contain DOI indices. If a DOI is lacking, it is recommended to add a link to any online source of an article. All links have to be active.

• Be sure to verify the correctness of the names of authors, pages and titles of journals in the paper lists at http://www.crossref.org/ (there is a search engine box in the center on the page – copy the source title into it and verify the correctness of the References).

Tables and figures should be presented in black and white and labeled in numerical order. Tables should be numbered sequentially according to their appearance in the text and placed after the corresponding paragraph, not inserted within it. Figures should also be followed by a short description in the main text.

All symbols and abbreviations used in tables and figures should be defined and used only when necessary. Superscripts, subscripts, and ambiguous characters should be clearly indicated. The units of measure should be metric or preferably SI.

Line drawings should be approximately twice the final printed size. Photomicrographs and other photographs that require it must have a scale bar, clearly defined in the legend. Primary data should be submitted as far as possible, such as actual photographs of electrophoretic gels rather than idealized diagrams. If a map of China is included in the article, it must conform to the official maps released by the Survey of China, and the source map should be referenced. Lettering should be large enough to remain clear after reduction to print size.

General dimensions of the figure:

Half page format: no more than 77mm wide

Full page format: no more than 160mm wide

Letters in the figure should be well readable and proportionally commensurable, and in the final, printed size, the font should be 7pt for normal text and not less than 6 pt for captions and symbols in the captions. Figures should follow their short description in the main text.

Tables should be numbered sequentially according to their appearance in the text. Footnotes to the tables should be placed below the body of the table, and captions should be in superior small letters. It is recommended to avoid vertical rulers in tables. Care should be taken to ensure that the data presented in the tables do not duplicate results described elsewhere in the article.

FORMATTING TIPS:

• Captions should be numbered, typeset in TNR 9, line spacing: single.

• Capitalize the titles of specific tables and figures when you refer to them in the text (e.g., "see Table 3"; "in Figure 4").

Mathematical material: The text should make clear distinctions between physical variables, mathematical symbols, units of measurement, abbreviations, chemical formulas, etc. Authors should use italic and boldface to identify physical or mathematical variables. Variables are to be set in normal italic, and vectors, tensors, and matrixes in boldface.

Mathematical equations should be written clearly and accompanied by the necessary information. They should also be separated from the main text.

Theorems should be described as follows:

Theorem 1. The content of the theorem ["Definition" and other layout formats are the same, and the full text is uniformly numbered sequentially.]

Proof: * Proofing process described.*

QED (quod erat demonstrandum) Latin for "which was to be proved"

FORMATTING TIPS:

• Number each equation you present in the text, inserting the number in parentheses.

• Try using MathType or Equation Editor in Microsoft Word to type your equations, but use Unicode characters when typing single variables or mathematical operators (e.g., x, ≥, or ±) in running text. This makes it easier to edit your text and format your equations before publication.

• Remember to save your math equations as editable text and not as images in case changes need to be made before publication.

Terminology: Stay consistent with the terms you use. Generally, short forms can be used once the full term has been introduced:

• Full terms versus acronyms (e.g., deoxyribonucleic acid versus DNA);

• English names versus Greek letters (e.g., alpha versus α); and

• Species names versus short forms (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus versus S. aureus).

• One way to ensure consistency is to use standard scientific terminology. You can refer to the following resources, but if you are not sure which guidelines are preferred, check with your target journal.

• For gene classification, use GeneCards, The Mouse Genome Informatics Database, and/or genenames.org.

• For chemical nomenclature, refer to the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) Compendium of Chemical Terminology (the Gold Book) and the IUPAC–IUB Combined Commission on Biochemical Nomenclature.

• For marine species names, use the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) or the European Register of Marine Species (ERMS).

• Italics must be used correctly for scientific terminology.

• Species names, which are usually in Greek or Latin, are italicized (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus).

• Genes are italicized, but proteins are not.

Authorship should be limited to individuals who have made significant contributions to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the reported study. All individuals who have made such contributions should be listed as co-authors, with a maximum of six authors. If there are others who have participated in certain substantive aspects of the research project, they should be acknowledged or listed as contributors, or their work should be cited. The corresponding author is responsible for ensuring that all appropriate co-authors are included on the paper and that no inappropriate co-authors are included. Additionally, all co-authors must have seen and approved the final version of the paper and agreed to its submission for publication. Authors must disclose any financial or other substantive conflicts of interest that might influence the results or interpretation of their manuscript. Furthermore, all sources of financial support for the project should be disclosed. If an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in their published work, they are obligated to promptly notify the journal editor or publisher and cooperate with the editor to retract or correct the paper.

Proofreading: It is recommended that authors obtain academic editing and proofreading services for their scientific articles, particularly for non-native English speakers. It is suggested to use reputable companies that employ editors with a Ph.D. degree, and to choose the American English option. An editing certificate should be attached or the editorial office services should be utilized. It is important to note that articles that have not been edited by native English speakers are not eligible for publication. The editorial team may provide academic proofreading services for authors at an additional cost.
Fees and charges
The journal does not charge any fees or charges for publication. It is completely free of charge.

Manuscripts which do not reflect the journal scope will be excluded.

The review output will be one of the following decisions:

A) Accept;

B) Accept with minor changes (several points regarding bibliographic references or other formal mistakes or lapsus linguae in the text);

C) Reject (the paper does not correspond to the scope of our journal, author’s malpractice, an incorrect methodology procedure, not an original study, not an innovative study, no research done, a study with no relevant citation, a study with an insufficient language terminology and a poor level, a study considered by reviewers as not a scientific one but a popular one, a study with nearly no scientific impact in the research field).

 

If required, the authors need to revise the paper according to the reviewer’s comments. After publishing, the authors may download the paper from the journal website.

Submission Preparation Checklist

As part of the submission process, authors are required to check off their submission compliance with all of the following items, and submissions may be returned to the authors that do not adhere to these guidelines.

1. The submission has neither been previously published, nor it was submitted previously to another journal for consideration (otherwise an explanation should be provided to the Editor in Comments).
2. The submission file is in OpenOffice, Microsoft Word, RTF, or WordPerfect document file format.
3. Where available, URLs for the references have been provided.
4. The text is single-spaced; uses a 12-point font; employs italics, rather than underlining (except with URL addresses); and all illustrations, figures, and tables are placed within the text at the appropriate places, rather than at the end.
5. The text adheres to the stylistic and bibliographic requirements outlined in the Author Guidelines, which is found in About the Journal section.

Privacy Statement

The names and email addresses entered in this journal site will be used exclusively for the stated purposes of this journal and will not be made available for any other purpose or to any other party.